Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia are similar terms that should not be confused. Hypoglycemia is the opposite of hyperglycemia and described the condition of having low blood sugar. Both conditions are dangerous if left untreated.
The early symptoms of hyperglycemia are the same as the early symptoms of diabetes. These signs of hyperglycemia and diabetes are increased hunger, frequent urination, and increased thirst.
Other symptoms of hyperglycemia can include blurred vision, fatigue, weight loss, dry mouth, impotence, and dry itchy skin. Hyperglycemia can also inhibit the healing of wounds and make the person susceptible to frequent infections such as ear infections or yeast infections.
Hyperglycemia is worse for diabetic patients during illness or stress. During times of illness, diabetic patients may have difficulty controlling their blood sugar levels. Many diabetic patients could benefit from stress management as part of their diabetes management plans.
People with hyperglycemia may also have sugar in their urine. Not everyone with hyperglycemia will have symptoms. Stress and illness can make diabetic patients prone to hyperglycemia.
Blood sugar levels are tested regularly by diabetic patients to check for hyperglycemia. Diabetes medication may be used to treat and prevent hyperglycemia.
The concentration of glucose in the blood can often be reduced by exercising. When a person exercises, some of the glucose in the blood is used by the muscles for energy. Since ketones can cause blood sugar levels to rise when a person exercises, a diabetic patient should test for ketones before exercising.
A diabetes complication caused by hyperglycemia is ketoacidosis. If the body does not have insulin to allow it to use glucose from the blood for energy, the body breaks down fats. The process of breaking down fat for energy causes ketones.
Ketoacidosis can also be caused by skipping meals or hypoglycemia. When the body does not have glucose from food intake, fat may be broken down for energy which causes the production of ketones.
Shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, fruity-smelling breath, and dry mouth are symptoms of ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis can cause the person to enter a diabetic coma and can be fatal. Suspicion of ketoacidosis should be treated like a medical emergency.
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